• Bear Market: A prolonged period where stock prices are declining.

• Bid Price: The highest price a buyer is willing to pay for a stock.

• Blue-Chip Stocks: Shares of large, established, and financially stable companies.

• Broker: A professional or firm that executes buy and sell orders for investors.

• Bull Market: A prolonged period where stock prices are rising.

• Buyback: When a company repurchases its own shares from the marketplace.

• Candlestick Chart: A graphical representation of stock price movements showing open, high, low, and close prices.

• Capital Gain: The profit earned from selling an asset for more than its purchase price.

• Circuit Breaker: A regulatory measure to temporarily halt trading during significant market declines.

• Commodities: Physical goods like gold, oil, or wheat that are traded in financial markets.

• Corporate Actions: Events initiated by a company, such as dividends, splits, or mergers.

• Day Trading: The practice of buying and selling stocks within the same trading day.

• Dividend: A portion of a company’s profits paid to shareholders, usually in cash or additional stock.

• Diversification: The practice of spreading investments across various assets to reduce risk.

• Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA): An index representing 30 major U.S. companies

• Earnings Per Share (EPS): A company’s net profit divided by its number of outstanding shares.

• ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund): A fund that tracks an index, sector, or commodity and trades like a stock.

• Equity: Ownership in a company, represented by holding shares of its stock.

• Ex-Dividend Date: The date on which a stock begins trading without the value of its next dividend payment.

• Fundamental Analysis: Evaluating a stock’s value based on financial performance, economic factors, and industry conditions.

• Futures Contract: An agreement to buy or sell an asset at a future date at a predetermined price.

• Float: The number of shares available for public trading.

• Forex (Foreign Exchange): The market where currencies are traded.

• Growth Stock: A stock expected to grow at a rate higher than the market average.

• Gross Margin: A company’s revenue minus its cost of goods sold, expressed as a percentage.

• GTC (Good Till Cancelled): An order to buy or sell a stock that remains active until executed or canceled.

• Hedge: An investment strategy to reduce the risk of adverse price movements.

• High-Frequency Trading (HFT): Using algorithms to execute trades at extremely high speeds.

• Holding Period: The time an investor holds onto an asset before selling.

• Index: A benchmark that represents a group of stocks, such as the S&P 500.

• IPO (Initial Public Offering): The process by which a private company becomes publicly traded by offering its shares to the public.

• Insider Trading: Buying or selling stocks based on non-public information.

• Intraday: Trading activity that occurs within a single trading day.

Junk Bonds: High-yield bonds with a lower credit rating, considered riskier investments.

• Kiting: A fraudulent practice involving the manipulation of checks or financial documents.

• Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Metrics used to evaluate the performance of a stock or company.

• Limit Order: An order to buy or sell a stock at a specific price or better.

• Liquidity: The ease with which an asset can be converted into cash without affecting its market price.

• Leverage: Using borrowed funds to increase potential returns.

• Market Capitalization (Market Cap): The total market value of a company’s outstanding shares.

• Margin: Borrowed money used to trade stocks, often requiring a collateral deposit.

• Mutual Fund: A fund that pools money from multiple investors to invest in stocks, bonds, or other securities.

• Moving Average: A stock’s average price over a specific period, used in technical analysis.